Given: A_t = the Actual Value of the Time Series

question 53

Multiple Choice

Given: A_t = the actual value of the time series at time t,F_t = the forecast value for time t,and n = the number of forecast values.Identify the formula used to calculate the mean absolute deviation.

• A)_{MAD =}
• B)MAD =
• C)MAD =
• D)MAD =

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Definitions:

Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution

A reaction where a nucleophile replaces the leaving group in an acyl compound.

Carbonyl

A functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom \(\text{C=O}\).

Leaving Group

An atom or group that departs with a pair of electrons in a chemical reaction, making a bond-breaking step feasible.

Alkoxides

Anions formed from the deprotonation of alcohols, typically represented as RO-, where R is an alkyl group.