Examlex
A researcher wants to know whether writing an essay on a controversial topic will have an effect on the attitudes held by people.First,she administers an attitude survey that covers a number of topics,including electronic voting machines.She then randomly assigns subjects to write an essay either supporting or opposing electronic voting machines.One week later,she administers the same attitude survey and compares those responses to the responses from the first time the survey was administered.In this experiment,the independent variable (IV) is ________.
Performance-reward Relationships
The correlation between the level of performance and the reward received, highlighting the principle that higher performance should lead to greater rewards.
Instrumentalities
The perceived relationship between performance and the attainment of desired outcomes, particularly in the context of work motivation.
Expectancy
The belief or anticipation that one's effort will result in achieving desired performance goals.
Instrumentality
The perceived likelihood that a certain level of performance will lead to achieving a desired outcome or reward.
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