Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)found That When People Act in a Manner

question 36

Multiple Choice

Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) found that when people act in a manner that is contrary to their internal attitudes they feel uncomfortable.To reduce this discomfort,they may change their attitudes.This is known as:

• A)defensive pessimism.
• B)self-perception theory.
• C)the insufficient justification effect.
• D)the fundamental attribution error.

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Definitions:

Variable Costing

An accounting practice that only factors in variable production expenses (like direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead) into the cost of goods.

Unit Product Cost

The total cost (including materials, labor, and overhead) divided by the number of units produced, representing the cost to produce a single unit of product.

Variable Costing

A costing method that includes only variable costs—direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead—in product cost calculation, excluding fixed overhead.

Net Operating Income

Net operating income is the profit generated from a company's normal business operations, excluding expenses and revenues from non-operating activities.