Which of the Following Is a Necessary Condition for Cognitive

question 7

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a necessary condition for cognitive dissonance,as specified by Cooper and Fazio (1984) ?

• A) People must be assigned to engage in the attitude-discrepant behaviour.
• B) People must assign responsibility for the behaviour to an outside source.
• C) People must experience physiological arousal as a result of their behaviour.
• D) People must experience low levels of physiological arousal to allow for attitude change.

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Definitions:

Percentile

A measure indicating the value below which a given percentage of observations in a group of observations falls.

Normal Random Variable

A variable whose values are distributed according to a normal distribution.

Mean

A measure of central tendency that is calculated by summing the values in a dataset and dividing by the number of values.

Normal Curve

A bell-shaped curve that depicts the distribution of data points in a way where most of the observations cluster around the mean, showing the properties of symmetry and asymptotic tails.