A Subject Referred for Pulmonary Function Tests Because of Shortness

question 24

Multiple Choice

A subject referred for pulmonary function tests because of shortness of breath has an FEV₁ of 98%.This finding is suggestive of:

• A) Restrictive lung disease
• B) Obstructive lung disease
• C) Normal lung function
• D) Upper airway abnormality

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Definitions:

Staged Manipulations

Techniques used in experimental research to deliberately introduce changes to variables to observe their effects on participants' behavior or responses.

Straightforward Manipulations

Simple and direct manipulations of the independent variable in an experiment, designed to understand its effect on the dependent variable.

Confederate

An individual who is secretly working with the researchers in an experiment, pretending to be a participant but is actually part of the experiment setup.

Staged Manipulation

A technique in experimental research where situations or events are deliberately created by the researcher to elicit a behavior.