Confirmation Bias Has Been Demonstrated to Occur When

question 21

Multiple Choice

Confirmation bias has been demonstrated to occur when

• A) college student research participants are given a hypothesis (e.g., "this person is extraverted") to test.
• B) experienced psychotherapists are given a hypothesis to test.
• C) people evaluate themselves in response to questions such as "are you happy with your social life?"
• D) all of these choices.

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Definitions:

Dependent Variable

A variable in statistical modeling and experiments whose value is dependent on that of one or more other variables.

Least Squares Estimate

A method of estimating the coefficients in a linear regression model by minimizing the sum of the squares of the differences between observed and predicted values.

Slope

A measure of the steepness or incline of a line, often calculated as the ratio of the vertical change to the horizontal change between two points on the line.

Dependent Variable

A variable in statistical analysis that represents the outcome of interest, whose variation is hypothesized to depend on the manipulation or variation of other variables.