Why Are Measures of Incumbency Success in Re-Election Often Overstated

question 4

Multiple Choice

Why are measures of incumbency success in re-election often overstated?

• A) Incumbents lie about their re-election to office.
• B) Representatives retire rather than face probable defeat.
• C) Measures of incumbent success are actually understated.
• D) These measures are probabilities of success, and thus are not accurate.
• E) These measures add together Senate and House re-election rates.

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Definitions:

Periodic Waveforms

Periodic waveforms are signals that repeat their shape and amplitude over regular intervals of time, typical in many types of oscillatory systems such as electronic circuits and sound waves.

Predictable Frequencies

Specific frequencies at which certain events or phenomena are expected to occur based on previous data or patterns.

Low-Frequency

Refers to waves, sounds, or signals with a relatively low rate of oscillation or number of cycles per second.

Lateral Ventricle

One of the two large, C-shaped ventricles located in the cerebral hemispheres, involved in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.