All Known DNA Polymerases Can Only Elongate a Preexisting DNA

question 68

Essay

All known DNA polymerases can only elongate a preexisting DNA chain (i.e., require a primer) but cannot initiate a new DNA chain. Nevertheless, during semiconservative DNA replication in the cell, entirely new daughter DNA chains are synthesized. Explain the process that occurs in the cell that allows for the synthesis of daughter chains by DNA polymerase.

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Definitions:

Benzoic Acid

A simple aromatic carboxylic acid, its salts are used as food preservatives.

Propanoyl Chloride

An acyl chloride derived from propanoic acid, used in organic synthesis to introduce the propanoyl functional group.

Organic Product

A compound or material derived from living organisms, structured primarily around carbon chains or rings.

Methyl Thioacetate

An organosulfur compound used as a chemical intermediate, characterized by a sulfur atom bonded to an acetyl and a methyl group.