State and Local Governments' Subsidies for Railroad Construction During the Nineteenth

question 47

Multiple Choice

State and local governments' subsidies for railroad construction during the nineteenth century are best understood as an example of why the text says that

• A) the corporate elite does not have a decisive advantage in politics.
• B) the free market has always been a fiction.
• C) there is no such thing as a mobilization of bias in U.S. politics.
• D) throughout U.S. history, the government too has been involved in the economy.
• E) Keynesianism in Europe was more conservative than Keynesianism in the United States.

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Definitions:

Systematic Desensitization

A behavioral therapy technique used to reduce phobias and anxiety through gradual exposure to the feared object or situation combined with relaxation exercises.

Positive Reinforcement

A term from reinforcement theory, positive reinforcement refers to the situation in which a behavior is followed by positive consequences and thus is likely to be repeated.

Punishment

The imposition of a penalty or consequence as a result of a person's actions or behaviors, intended to reduce or eliminate those behaviors.

Intrinsic Motivation

The drive to perform activities for their own sake and for the internal satisfaction and fulfillment they bring, rather than for external rewards.