In a Correlational Study on the Relationship Between Caffeine Consumption

question 40

Multiple Choice

In a correlational study on the relationship between caffeine consumption and heart disease in police officers, the fact that the officers could not be randomly assigned to high and low caffeine groups suggests the results may be due to:

• A) the causal relationship between caffeine and heart disease.
• B) a third factor-like donuts.
• C) a multiplicative relationship between prime factors.
• D) a meta-analytic effect of caffeine on stress.

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Definitions:

Concurrent Powers

Powers in federal systems that are shared by both the state governments and the federal government.

National

Relating to or characteristic of a nation; typically referring to matters that affect a country as a whole.

State Governments

The governmental authorities of individual states within a federal system, responsible for local governance and exercising certain powers independently from the federal government.

Federalism

A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.