According to Map 31.1: Events in Eastern Europe,1989-2002,which countries were formerly held by Communist regimes? 
Definitions:
Top-Down Change
involves organizational change initiatives that originate from upper management and are implemented down through the hierarchy of the organization.
Senior Managers
High-level executives who are responsible for overseeing the daily operations and making major corporate decisions.
Performance Capabilities
The range of abilities or skills that an individual or organization possesses, which can influence their performance levels in various tasks or endeavors.
Bottom-Up Change
Change initiatives that originate from lower levels of the organizational hierarchy and proceed upwards, often harnessing insights and innovation from employees.
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