Christiana Carter Had No Obvious Problems Until She Was 18

question 61

Multiple Choice

Christiana Carter had no obvious problems until she was 18 months old,when she stopped gaining weight,her appetite became poor,and she had recurrent episodes of diarrhea.At 24 months,Christiana developed a cough with pulmonary infiltrates unresponsive to treatment with the antibiotics clarithromycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.Within 3 months,she developed lymphadenopathy,hepatosplenomegaly,and fevers.A computed tomography scan revealed enlarged mesenteric and para-aortic lymph nodes.A biopsy of an enlarged axillary lymph node revealed acid-fast bacilli,and cultures from the lymph node and blood grew Mycobacterium fortuitum.HIV was ruled out after negative tests by ELISA and PCR.Serologic testing for tetanus antitoxoid antibody showed a normal post-vaccination level.Christiana's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured with interferon-γ plus lipopolysaccharide with no significant increase in TNF-α production.A variety of broad-spectrum and anti-mycobacterial antibiotics were administered,lowering the fever,and over the course of the next 2 months Christiana began to gain weight but continued to show signs of persistent infection.Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these clinical findings?

• A)leukocyte adhesion deficiency
• B)chronic granulomatous disease
• C)interferon-γ receptor deficiency
• D)X-linked agammaglobulinemia
• E)severe combined immune deficiency.

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Definitions:

Emotional Release

The process of letting go of pent-up emotions, which can contribute to a sense of relief or catharsis.

Physical Sensation

The experience of sensory input to the body, such as touch, temperature, pain, or proprioception.

Self-efficacy

An individual's belief in their own capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.

Albert Bandura

A psychologist known for his work on social learning theory and the concept of self-efficacy.