Multiple Myeloma Involves the Unregulated Proliferation of an Antibody-Producing Plasma

question 25

Essay

Multiple myeloma involves the unregulated proliferation of an antibody-producing plasma cell (myeloma cell)independently of antigen stimulation or T-cell help.Myeloma cells populate multiple sites in the bone marrow,where they produce immense quantities of monoclonal immunoglobulin as well as suppressing normal marrow function.Myeloma cells also synthesize and secrete excessive amounts of free light chains (known as Bence-Jones protein),which,because of their low molecular weight (~25 kDa)are excreted as free light chains in the urine.
In a given patient the free light chains are both monoclonal and all are of either the κ or the λ type.
A.Explain both of these observations.
B.Why do you think patients with multiple myeloma are more susceptible than normal to pyogenic infections,such as pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae?

---

Definitions:

Tribal Societies

Social organizations consisting of families or communities linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect.

Political Integration

The process by which separate parts or aspects are brought together into a single political framework, often involving the unification of diverse groups under a single government.

Age Sets

A social categorization and grouping system based on age, within which members share duties, responsibilities, and privileges.

Kin-Ordered

describes social structures or systems where the relationships and organization are primarily based on kinship ties and descent.