A __________ Reinforcer Is Any Reward That Satisfies a Basic

question 142

Multiple Choice

A __________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic, biological need, such a hunger, thirst, or touch.

• A) primary
• B) negative
• C) positive
• D) secondary

Understand the historical economic reforms and their impact on nations such as China and the former Soviet Union.

Distinguish between the theoretical ideals and practical applications of economic systems.

Understand the concepts of privatization and market orientation in economic reforms.

Recognize the significance of mixed economies and their characteristics.

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Definitions:

Ethnicity

A category of people who identify with each other based on shared ancestral, social, cultural, or national experiences.

Ecological-Systems Approach

A theory that emphasizes the multiple environments, or systems, that influence human development.

Microsystem

In the context of ecological systems theory, a pattern of activities, roles, and interpersonal relations experienced by an individual in a given setting with immediate context.

Psychosocial Development

A framework by Erik Erikson that describes eight stages of human development, each characterized by a different psychological crisis that needs resolution.