Explain What Learned Helplessness Is and Describe How It Develops

question 245

Essay

Explain what learned helplessness is and describe how it develops. Also discuss the effects it has on people and animals once it is established.

Identify the roles of keystone species, ecosystem engineers, and foundation species in ecosystems.

Understand the concept of biotic resistance and the factors influencing the successful invasion of exotic species.

Understand the concept of keystone species and their role in trophic cascades.

Comprehend the characteristics of disturbances within ecosystems and their impacts on community structures.

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Definitions:

Determinant

A scalar value that can be computed from the elements of a square matrix and reflects certain properties of the matrix, such as whether it has an inverse.

Minors

In mathematics, refers to the determinant of some smaller square matrix, cut down from a larger matrix by removing one or more of its rows or columns. In law, it refers to individuals under the age of majority.

Elementary Row Operations

Operations used in linear algebra on matrices, including row addition, row multiplication, and row swapping, to solve systems of linear equations.

Matrix

An array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns, used in mathematics and computer science to solve linear equations and perform various operations.