In a Laboratory, Smokers Are Asked to "Drive" Using a Computerized

question 62

Multiple Choice

In a laboratory, smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver's seat. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. In this study, the dependent variable is __________

• A) the use of nicotine.
• B) the use of a driving simulator.
• C) the number of collisions.
• D) the driving skills of each driver.

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Definitions:

Shaping

A process in behavioral psychology where successive approximations of a desired behavior are reinforced until the exact behavior is achieved.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Classical Conditioning

An educational method happening when there's a link established between a stimulus found in the environment and one that naturally happens.

TV

A widely used electronic device that receives sound and visual images, transmitting them to viewers and serving both entertainment and educational purposes.