Joe Is Extremely Sensitive to Criticism and Disapproval, and as a Result

question 42

Multiple Choice

Joe is extremely sensitive to criticism and disapproval, and as a result actively avoids intimacy with others. However, he is lonely and would like to have more friends. Judging from this description, which personality disorder is Joe most likely to have?

• A) schizoid
• B) narcissistic
• C) borderline
• D) avoidant
• E) dependent

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Definitions:

Commission

An instruction, command, or duty given to a person or group of people.

Fixed-ratio Schedule

This is a schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded only after a specified number of responses.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process where behavior is controlled by consequences, including reinforcements and punishments to increase or decrease the behavior's occurrence.

Partial Reinforcement

A conditioning schedule where only a portion of responses are reinforced, leading to slower acquisition of a response but greater resistance to extinction.