A Defense of Retaining Some Aspects of the Medical Model

question 42

Multiple Choice

A defense of retaining some aspects of the medical model is provided by Wakefield (1992) , who states:

• A) some physical illnesses are diagnosed on the basis of associated dysfunction alone; in the future we will acquire more knowledge about physical correlates of mental disorders.
• B) psychological symptoms invariably have physical processes which are causal.
• C) decisions to intervene or not must be made on a categorical basis; serious mental illness requires professionals to think like doctors.
• D) reliability will be improved by focusing on the underlying physical processes responsible for mental disorders.
• E) at this point the most effective interventions are pharmacological.

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Definitions:

Gate-control Theory

A theory suggesting that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that controls the transmission of pain signals to the brain, influenced by psychological factors.

Pain Perception

The subjective interpretation and individual experience of pain, which can be influenced by various physical, emotional, and psychological factors.

Endorphins

Natural, pain-relieving chemicals produced by the body that bind to opioid receptors in the brain to reduce pain and boost pleasure, resulting in a feeling of well-being.

Sense of Smell

The ability to perceive and identify odors through the olfactory system, an essential component of taste and environmental awareness.