An Older Client Is Frequently Complaining of Constipation to a Nurse

question 14

Multiple Choice

An older client is frequently complaining of constipation to a nurse. Which age-related change in the gastrointestinal system does the nurse suspect to be the cause?

• A) Stomach lining atrophies
• B) Diminished amount of lactase enzyme
• C) Loss of strength of the lower esophageal sphincter
• D) Denervation in the distal portion of the gastrointestinal tract

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Definitions:

N - 1

A formula used to calculate the sample variance or sample standard deviation, representing the sample size minus one.

Variance

A measure of the dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value, indicating how spread out the data are.

Measure of Variability

Statistical indices that describe the spread or dispersion within a set of numerical data, including range, variance, and standard deviation.

Percentiles

Values below which a certain percentage of data in a data set fall.