Those Who See the Decline of Voter Turnout as a Function

question 79

Multiple Choice

 Those who see the decline of voter turnout as a function of party organization change believe all of the following EXCEPT 

• A) parties originally aimed to increase mass political participation. 
• B) parties used caucuses and conventions and fought against legal barriers to voting to increase participation. 
• C) the nation was split by region in the late 1890s, and two-party competition decreased in many places. 
• D) both parties became more liberal. 
• E) citizens lost interest in politics because the parties did not respond to their needs.

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Definitions:

Gini Ratios

Measures of income inequality within a population, ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality).

Income Inequality

The uneven distribution of income within a population, where earnings are not equally distributed among individuals or groups.

Progressive Income Tax

A tax system where the tax rate increases as the taxable income of the taxpayer increases, aiming at a more equitable distribution of wealth.

After-Tax Lorenz Curve

A graphical representation that shows the distribution of income or wealth within an economy after accounting for taxes.