Several Months After He Randomly Assigned Nursing Home Residents to Control

question 86

Multiple Choice

Several months after he randomly assigned nursing home residents to control or a lack of control over visitation schedules, Schulz (Schulz & Hanusa, 1978) was dismayed to find that those residents who had originally controlled the duration and frequency of visits from college students later experienced poorer health and higher mortality rates.These findings seem directly at odds with research by Rodin and Langer (1977) , until one considers that

• A) Schulz induced only a temporary sense of control.
• B) Langer and Rodin studied women and Schulz studied men.
• C) a lack of perceived control is worse than losing it.
• D) people sometimes blame themselves for health problems.

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Definitions:

Implied Agency

A type of agency relationship created by the actions of the parties involved, not by written agreement, where an agent is presumed to have authority to act on behalf of another.

Nonprogrammed Decision

A new, complex decision that requires a creative solution.

Programmed Decision

A simple, routine matter for which a manager has an established decision rule.

Nonprogrammed Decisions

Decisions made in response to unique, novel, or ill-structured situations that require creativity and judgment, as opposed to routine or standard procedures.