In a Series of Experiments, Steele and Aronson (1995) Had

question 78

Multiple Choice

In a series of experiments, Steele and Aronson (1995) had both African-American and Anglo-American students at Stanford University take a verbal test. In one condition, the test was described as a valid measure of intelligence, and in the other condition, the test was described as neither a reliable nor valid measure of intelligence. In the former condition, African Americans performed more poorly than did Anglo Americans because

• A) African Americans were overwhelmed by a fear of success.
• B) African Americans experienced stereotype threat.
• C) Anglo Americans were determined that African Americans would not "outscore" them.
• D) African Americans shared the cultural stereotype.

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Definitions:

Addiction

A chronic condition characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.

Substance

A form of matter with a constant chemical composition and characteristic properties.

Troubles

Difficulties or problems causing distress or worry in an individual's personal life.

Compulsion

A strong, usually irresistible urge to perform an act, especially one that is irrational or contrary to one's will.