In Describing His Experiences During Decision Making That Preceded the Disastrous

question 41

Multiple Choice

In describing his experiences during decision making that preceded the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion, Kennedy's adviser, Arthur Schlesinger, reported that although he was opposed to the invasion, he didn't speak out because "others would regard it as presumptuous of him, a college professor, to take issue with august heads of government institutions." This example best reflects ________ as a symptom of groupthink.

• A) groups members' sense of invulnerability
• B) decisive leaders' refusal to solicit other points of view
• C) self-censorship in the interest of avoiding criticism
• D) the isolation of groups

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Definitions:

Recognition And Praise

Acknowledgment and appreciation shown towards individuals for their achievements or contributions, often used as a motivational tool.

Herzberg

A reference to Frederick Herzberg, a psychologist best known for introducing the two-factor theory of motivation, contrasting hygiene factors with motivators.

Dissatisfiers

Factors that, when present, can cause dissatisfaction among employees or customers, but their absence doesn't necessarily lead to satisfaction; often related to basic expectations.

Job Enrichment

Job enrichment is a design principle aimed at enhancing a job's content by adding tasks that increase responsibility, autonomy, and opportunities for personal growth in the role.