Twelve-Month-Old Joshua Enters an Unfamiliar Laboratory Playroom with His Mother

question 87

Multiple Choice

Twelve-month-old Joshua enters an unfamiliar laboratory playroom with his mother.When she leaves,he gets distressed.When she returns,he runs to her and hugs her close.After this intense reunion,he returns to playing.Joshua demonstrates the characteristics of ________ attachment.

• A)secure
• B)insecure
• C)avoidant
• D)anxious

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Definitions:

CS-CR Association

The learned association between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the conditioned response (CR) in classical conditioning.

Pavlovian Conditioning

The association of a response with an environmental event as the result of pairing that event (conditioned stimulus, or CS) with a biologically significant event (unconditioned stimulus, or UCS).

Operant Conditioning

When a specific response produces reinforcement and the frequency of the response determines the amount of reinforcement obtained.

Learned Helplessness

A condition in which an individual learns to feel powerless and stops trying to change or escape a negative situation due to past failures.