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Describe the Mechanisms Involved by Which the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

question 10

Essay

Describe the mechanisms involved by which the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems affect cardiac output. Include ACh, NE, regulated K+ channels, If channels and T-type Ca2+ channels, vagus nerve, cardiac nerves, contractility, stroke volume, and heart rate in your answer.


Definitions:

Lead(II) Nitrate

A white to colorless crystalline chemical compound used in making other lead compounds and some pyrotechnics.

Sodium Chloride

A white crystalline compound known as table salt, widely used in food seasoning and preservation; its chemical formula is NaCl.

Lead(II) Chloride

A chemical compound with the formula PbCl2, known for its white crystalline appearance and poor solubility in water.

Saturated Solution

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure.

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