Increased ____ Permeability of Nodal Cells Hyperpolarizes the SA Node

question 56

Multiple Choice

Increased ____ permeability of nodal cells hyperpolarizes the SA node.

• A)chloride
• B)iodide
• C)potassium
• D)sodium
• E)zinc

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Definitions:

Vicarious Learning

A learning process where individuals gain knowledge or skills through observing others’ actions, behaviors, and consequences, rather than through direct experience.

Primary Reinforcers

Innate rewarding elements such as food, water, or shelter, that satisfy biological needs and motivate behavior without prior learning.

Aversive Events

Unpleasant or harmful events or stimuli that an individual seeks to avoid or minimize.

Secondary Reinforcers

are stimuli that have become reinforcing through association with primary reinforcers, such as money being associated with food and comfort.