When a Membrane Is Stimulated Due to Opening of Either

question 8

Multiple Choice

When a membrane is stimulated due to opening of either chemically-gated Na⁺ or Cl^- channels:

• A) An impulse is propagated.
• B) A graded potential is established.
• C) An action potential is established.
• D) The voltage becomes more negative.
• E) Threshold is reached.

---

Definitions:

Bondholders

Individuals or entities that hold debt securities issued by corporations or governments, entitling them to interest payments and the principal investment return at maturity.

Creditors

Individuals, businesses, or financial institutions that lend money or extend credit to others, expecting to be repaid with interest in the future.

Municipal Bonds

Debt securities issued by local governments or their agencies, often tax-exempt, to fund public projects and services.

Federal Income Tax

A tax levied by the U.S. federal government on the annual earnings of individuals, corporations, trusts, and other legal entities.