Which of the Following Does Not Contribute to the Establishment

question 191

Multiple Choice

Which of the following does not contribute to the establishment of a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla?

• A) the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
• B) countercurrent multiplication in the long loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons
• C) urea recycling between the late portion of the collecting tubule and the long loops of Henle
• D) all of these
• E) none of these

---

Definitions:

Phenol

An aromatic organic compound with the formula C6H5OH, used as an antiseptic and a raw material in the synthesis of plastics.

Molecular Formula

A notation used in chemistry to show the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a chemical compound.

Solute Dissolves

The process by which a solute integrates into a solvent, forming a solution, typically at a molecular level.

Dissolution

The process by which a solid, liquid, or gas forms a solution in a solvent, essentially becoming incorporated into the solvent.