The Vertical Osmotic Gradient in the Kidney

question 209

Multiple Choice

The vertical osmotic gradient in the kidney

• A) is established and maintained by the countercurrent system
• B) makes it possible to put out urine of variable concentration depending on the needs of the body by varying the degree of water permeability of the distal portions of the nephron
• C) is found in the renal cortex
• D) is established and maintained by the countercurrent system, and makes it possible to put out urine of variable concentration depending on the needs of the body by varying the degree of water permeability of the distal portions of the nephron
• E) is established and maintained by the countercurrent system and is found in the renal cortex

---

Definitions:

Fortifying

The act of strengthening or reinforcing something to make it more secure or robust.

Trading Off

The act of giving up one benefit in order to gain another, often seen as a compromise.

Rationale

The underlying reasons or logical basis for a belief, action, or method.