Proportional Representation Systems Encourage the Formation of Smaller Parties by Enabling

question 63

Multiple Choice

Proportional representation systems encourage the formation of smaller parties by enabling parties to

• A)win legislative seats even though they do not receive a majority of votes in elections.
• B)receive campaign funds from government in proportion to their support in opinion polls.
• C)win legislative seats by lottery for parties that have no chance of winning majority support.
• D)share in patronage appointments,which serve as an incentive to lure campaign workers.
• E)advertise on television.

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Definitions:

Labour Efficiency Variance

The difference between the actual hours worked and the standard hours expected to produce a certain number of units, multiplied by the standard hourly wage rate.

Actual Direct Labour Rate

This measures the actual cost per hour of labor directly involved in the manufacturing process.

Materials Price Variance

The difference between the actual cost of direct materials purchased and the standard cost, multiplied by the quantity purchased.

Standard Quantity

The predetermined amount of materials or resources expected to be used in a production process or manufacturing of a product.