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-Distinctive city-based civilization that flourished from about 300 B.C.E.to about 900 C.E.in the floodplain of a river and that included major cities like Jenne-jeno;this civilization is particularly noteworthy for its apparent lack of centralized state structures,having been organized instead in clusters of economically specialized settlements.
Deadweight Loss
A loss of economic efficiency that occurs when the equilibrium for a good or service is not achieved or is achievable but is not achieved.
Vertical Equity
The principle that taxpayers with higher incomes should pay more in taxes than those with lower incomes.
Marginal Tax Rate
The rate at which the last dollar of a taxpayer's income is taxed, indicating the percentage of additional income that is paid in tax.
Efficiency
The optimal use of resources to achieve the best possible outcome or output with minimal waste.
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