MrsHislop,80 Years Old,has a Diagnosis of Heart Failure

question 7

Multiple Choice

Mrs.Hislop,80 years old,has a diagnosis of heart failure.She has pitting edema,orthopnea,and confusion.Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for this client?

• A)Heart failure related to edema,as evidenced by confusion
• B)Fluid volume deficit related to loss of fluids as evidenced by edema
• C)Excess fluid volume related to retention of fluids as evidenced by edema and orthopnea
• D)Hyperosmolar fluid imbalance related to congestive heart failure as evidenced by edema and confusion

---

Definitions:

Contingency Theory

A theory in the field of organizational behavior that posits the effectiveness of a leadership style is contingent upon the context and that no one style is best in all situations.

Blocking

In the context of learning and memory, blocking is a phenomenon where an existing association prevents the learning of a new association because the two stimuli compete for associative strength.

Conditioning

Conditioning is a process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to respond in a desired manner to a previously neutral stimulus.

Stimulus Presentation

The act of introducing a stimulus to a subject's sensory medium (e.g., visual, auditory) to provoke a response or examine the subject's behavior in psychological experiments.