Athletes Often Attribute Their Losses to Bad Officiating

question 56

Multiple Choice

Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates

• A) learned helplessness.
• B) the spotlight effect.
• C) self-serving bias.
• D) the Barnum effect.

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Definitions:

Immediate Gratification

The desire to experience fulfillment without delay or deferment, often prioritizing short-term rewards over long-term outcomes.

Gratification

Gratification is the satisfaction or pleasure one feels when their desires or needs are fulfilled.

Pleasure Seeking

The drive or effort to obtain enjoyment or gratification, often through activities that are satisfying or enjoyable.

Freud

Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.