Which of the Following Statements Is Representative of General Research

question 21

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is representative of general research on spanking and aggression?

• A) Increased spanking causes increased aggression in children.
• B) Increased spanking is associated with higher levels of aggression in children from countries where spanking is rare.
• C) Increased spanking is associated with higher levels of aggression in children from countries where spanking is common.
• D) Increased spanking decreases aggression in children.

---

Definitions:

Outcomes Research

A field of study focused on understanding the end results of particular health care practices and interventions, aiming to provide evidence on the effectiveness and efficiency of health care.

Existentialism

A philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice, arguing that humans define their own meaning in life through their actions and decisions.

Counseling Orientation

The philosophical approach or framework that guides a counselor's methods and interaction with clients.

Morals

Principles or beliefs concerning right and wrong behavior.