Examlex
Which of the following would be a conditioned response (CR) in an experiment like Pavlov's?
P-value
The probability of obtaining a statistical summary (e.g., the difference in means) at least as extreme as the one observed in a study assuming the null hypothesis is true.
Two-sided Significance Tests
Statistical tests that assess the significance of an effect in either direction, allowing for the evaluation of both positive and negative differences.
Null Hypothesis
A statistical hypothesis that assumes no significant difference or relationship exists between certain parameters or distributions.
SRS
Simple Random Sample, a basic sampling technique in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
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