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Beliefs and Expectancies Can Influence Dreams, Hypnosis, and the Effects

question 21

Essay

Beliefs and expectancies can influence dreams, hypnosis, and the effects of drugs. Describe one example of each to illustrate these effects.


Definitions:

Sympathetic Nervous System

A part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the body's 'fight or flight' response, activating physiological changes during stress or danger.

Consciousness

The state or quality of awareness, or being aware of an external object or something within oneself.

Alcoholism

A chronic disease characterized by uncontrolled drinking and preoccupation with alcohol, affecting physical and mental health.

Disease Model

A model that views psychological disorders as similar to physical diseases, wherein symptoms result from underlying biological causes.

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