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When training a dog to perform in a movie, the trainer first chooses a natural behavior that approximates what the director wants. The trainer then begins rewarding the dog every time he performs this natural behavior. Gradually, the trainer alters the behavior until the animal is ready to perform. This is an example of classical conditioning.
Certainty Equivalent Approach
A method used in capital budgeting and investment theory that adjusts future cash flows to account for risk, making them equivalent in value to cash flows received with certainty.
Risk-Free Rate
The return on an investment with no risk of financial loss, typically represented by government bonds.
Branch Decision Tree Analysis
A systematic, graphical approach to evaluating all possible alternatives in decision-making, representing outcomes, resources, costs, and utility.
Cost of Capital
A rephrasing: The minimum return that a company must earn on existing asset base to satisfy its creditors, owners, and other providers of capital.
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