Although Adult Tunicates Are Stuck to the Ocean Bottom, They

question 28

Multiple Choice

Although adult tunicates are stuck to the ocean bottom, they are considered early relatives of vertebrates because

• A) tunicate gill slits are like ribs.
• B) tunicate adults have a notochord.
• C) tunicate larvae have a notochord.
• D) all vertebrate embryos go through a stage that resembles adult tunicates.
• E) tunicate adults have all four chordate characteristics.

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Definitions:

Regression Hyperplane

In multivariate linear regression, a flat surface that best fits the data points in a multi-dimensional space, generalizing the concept of a regression line.

Independent Variables

Variables in an experiment or model that are manipulated or categorized to determine their effect on dependent variables.

Squared Vertical Deviations

Squared vertical deviations represent the square of differences between observed values and their means in a data set, often used in regression analysis to measure dispersion.

MSE

Mean Squared Error, a measure of the average of the squares of the errors or deviations, indicating the difference between the estimator and what is estimated.