In Developing the National Certification Exam for Counselors, the Test

question 14

Multiple Choice

In developing the national certification exam for counselors, the test developers wanted to assure adequate validity and reliability. For the following items, place the letter that represents the kind of validity or reliability described.
-Concurrent validity

• A)The extent to which the instrument measures a theoretical or hypothetical trait or concept
• B)Tests scores from one version of a test are correlated with another "alternate" version
• C)The extent to which an instrument correlates with an outcome criterion in the present
• D)Correlating one test administration with another administration of the same test at a later date
• E)The degree the evidence shows items and questions represent the proper domain
• F)The correlation of odd numbered items on a test with even numbered items
• G)The extent to which the instrument correlates with future outcome criterion
• H)A statistical analysis of each test item against all of the other test items

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Definitions:

Dissonance Reduction

The process of reducing psychological discomfort by rationalizing or changing one's attitudes or beliefs to be more consistent with one's actions.

Justification of Effort

The tendency to attribute a higher value to outcomes that require a greater amount of effort to achieve.

Hindsight Bias

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it, also known as the "I-knew-it-all-along" effect.

Overestimate

To assess something as greater, larger, or more important than it actually is.