Diagnosis of Heart Failure Cannot Be Made by Symptoms Alone

question 1

Multiple Choice

Diagnosis of heart failure cannot be made by symptoms alone because many disorders share the same symptoms. The most specific and sensitive diagnostic test for heart failure is:

• A) Chest x-rays that show cephalization and measure heart size
• B) Two-dimensional echocardiograms that identify structural anomalies and cardiac dysfunction
• C) Complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen, and serum electrolytes that facilitate staging for end-organ damage
• D) Measurement of brain natriuretic peptide to distinguish between systolic and diastolic dysfunction

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