Describe the Effects of Smoking on (A) Alveolar Structure, (B)

question 89

Essay

Describe the effects of smoking on (a) alveolar structure, (b) cilia and alveolar macrophages, and (c) the bronchial epithelium.

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Definitions:

Nominal Wage

The wage measured in dollars of the year in question; the dollar amount on a paycheck.

Disposable Income

The sum of money households can use for expenditure and savings once income taxes are deducted.

Deflation

An economic condition characterized by a general decline in prices, often resulting in decreased consumer spending and increased unemployment.

U.S.

A country in North America, formally known as the United States of America, characterized by a significant influence on global economics, culture, and politics.