An Exudative Effusion Can Cause Many Different Pathologic Processes, Such

question 28

Multiple Choice

An exudative effusion can cause many different pathologic processes, such as bacterial infections, viral infections, neoplasms, and collagen vascular diseases. What are the typical laboratory results of an exudate?

• A) Specific gravity is less than 1.015, total protein is >3.0 g/dL, a ratio of total fluid protein to serum protein is >0.5, a ratio of fluid LD to serum LD is >0.6, and a total leukocyte count usually is >1000/mcL.
• B) Specific gravity is <1.015, a total protein is < 3.0 g/dL, a ratio of total fluid protein to serum protein is <0.5, ratio of fluid LD to serum LD is <6.0, and a total leukocyte count usually is <1000/mcL.
• C) Specific gravity is <1.015, a total protein is < 3.0 g/dL, a ratio of total fluid protein to serum protein is more than 0.5, ration of fluid LD to serum LD is <6.0, and a total leukocyte count usually is >5000/mcL.
• D) Specific gravity is >1.015, a total protein is >3.0 g/dL, a ratio of total fluid protein to serum protein is >0.5, a ratio of fluid LD to serum LD is >0.6, and a total leukocyte count usually is> 1000/mcL.

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Definitions:

Guard Cells

Specialized cells located within the epidermis of leaves, stems, and various organs responsible for controlling gas exchange and limiting water loss through the opening and closing of stomata.

Stoma

Pores found on the leaf and stem surfaces that facilitate gas exchange between the plant's internal tissues and the atmosphere.

Companion Cells

Specialized cells in the phloem of plants that support the function of sieve tube elements in transporting sugars.

Cuticle Cells

The outermost layer of cells in plants and some animals that provides protection and reduces water loss.