How Are Oncogenes and Proto-Oncogenes Different

question 28

Multiple Choice

How are oncogenes and proto-oncogenes different?

• A) Proto-oncogenes are activated tumor genes, whereas oncogenes are inactivated tumor suppressor genes.
• B) Oncogenes can lead to tumor formation, whereas proto-oncogenes prevent tumor formation.
• C) Oncogenes can lead to tumor formation, whereas proto-oncogenes are inactivated forms of oncogenes.
• D) Oncogenes are tumor suppressors, whereas proto-oncogenes cause tumor formation.

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Definitions:

Avoidance Conditioning

A learning process in which an individual learns to prevent the occurrence of a negative or unpleasant outcome.

Classical Conditioning

An instructive procedure where two stimuli are regularly associated, causing a response at first provoked by the second stimulus to later be provoked by the first stimulus exclusively.

Over-the-Counter Medication

Drugs available for purchase without a prescription, used to treat common or minor ailments.

Heartburn

A burning discomfort or pain in the chest, usually arising from the reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus.