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Exchange rates change because of relative
Excess Reserves
Excess reserves are the funds that banks hold over and above the required minimum reserves mandated by central banking regulations, often stored in central banks.
Treasury Bonds
Long-term government securities issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury. They carry a fixed interest rate and have maturities ranging from 20 to 30 years.
Money Supply
The comprehensive sum of all available financial assets within an economy at a particular time, including cash, coins, and account balances in checking and savings.
Reserve Requirement
The lowest level of reserves that financial institutions are required to maintain against deposits, determined by central banks to manage the amount of money in circulation.
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