Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning Are Two Learning Paradigms Within

question 40

Multiple Choice

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are two learning paradigms within the behaviorist tradition. A major difference between these two paradigms is that:

• A) Classical conditioning deals almost exclusively with stimuli, whereas operant conditioning deals almost exclusively with responses.
• B) Classical conditioning deals almost exclusively with responses, whereas operant conditioning deals almost exclusively with stimuli.
• C) Classically conditioned responses are voluntary, whereas responses learned through operant conditioning are elicited by specific stimuli.
• D) Classically conditioned responses are elicited by specific stimuli, whereas responses learned through operant conditioning are voluntary.

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Definitions:

Rh Incompatibility

A condition that arises during pregnancy if an Rh-negative mother's immune system reacts against Rh-positive baby blood cells.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by the immune system that recognize, bind to, and help neutralize foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses.

Thalidomide

A medication once used during pregnancy that led to severe birth defects, now used under strict controls for some diseases, including multiple myeloma and certain skin conditions.

Birth Defects

Abnormalities of structure, function, or body metabolism present at birth that can lead to physical or mental disability, or sometimes death.