Three of the Following Statements Reflect Contemporary Perspectives of Instrumental

question 66

Multiple Choice

Three of the following statements reflect contemporary perspectives of instrumental conditioning and reinforcement. Which one does not?

• A) Punishment has a more pronounced effect on behavior than reinforcement does.
• B) Behavior can sometimes be better understood if we look at complex environmental conditions rather than at simple, specific stimuli.
• C) Instrumental conditioning can more adequately be explained when we talk about mental processes as well as observable events.
• D) Any single consequence may be more or less reinforcing depending on a learner's particular motives at the time.

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Definitions:

Myelin

A fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the axons of many neurons, enabling faster transmission of electrical signals.

Nerve Impulse

An electrical signal that travels along the nerve fibers, facilitating communication between neurons or between neurons and muscles.

Midbrain

In mammals, the part of the brain located below the thalamus and above the pons.

Pons

A part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus, playing a key role in controlling breathing, communication between different parts of the brain, and sensations such as hearing and taste.