Sharon Knows That Kathy Frequently Completes Her Assignments Long After

question 23

Multiple Choice

Sharon knows that Kathy frequently completes her assignments long after they are due. She has noticed that their teacher willingly accepts Kathy's late assignments because Kathy always has a creative excuse for turning them in late. Sharon begins to do the same thing-she turns in assignments past the due date and makes up excuses for why she is late. Sharon's increase in excuse-making is due to:

• A) Shaping and intrinsic reinforcement
• B) An increase in self-reinforcement
• C) A decrease in self-regulation
• D) Modeling and vicarious reinforcement

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Definitions:

Fixed Costs

Expenses that do not change with the level of production or sales, including rent, salaries, and insurance, providing contrast to variable costs.

Operating Income

Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), calculated as gross income minus operating expenses, excluding non-operating income and expenses.

Variable Product Cost

Costs that vary directly with the level of production, such as materials and labor.

Total Fixed Overhead

The sum of all costs that remain constant regardless of the level of production or sales, such as rent, salaries, and insurance.