Three of the Following Examples Are Consistent with How Epistemic

question 44

Multiple Choice

Three of the following examples are consistent with how epistemic beliefs typically change as learners grow older. Which one is not consistent with typical developmental trends in epistemic beliefs?

• A) Anna used to think that studying history involved memorizing facts-names, dates, places, etc. She now believes that studying history involves learning interrelationships among historical events-how one event led to another, and so on.
• B) Beatrice used to think that scientists might have different but possibly equally valid views of how the world operates. She now believes that there is probably only one correct explanation-one that scientists will eventually determine.
• C) Charmaine used to think that if she was going to learn a particular mathematical concept, she would learn it either quickly or not at all. She now believes that her understanding of particularly difficult math concepts may evolve slowly over time and require considerable effort on her part.
• D) Delores used to think that people were naturally either "good at" or "not good at" learning a foreign language. She now believes that successful learning results more from persistence and hard work.

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Definitions:

Expectancy Theory

A theory of motivation that states an individual's willingness to exert a high level of effort is based upon their expectation that it will lead to desired performance goals.

Frederick Herzberg

An American psychologist best known for developing the Motivation-Hygiene Theory, which suggests that certain factors in the workplace lead to job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction.

Working Conditions

The environment and circumstances under which employees complete their job tasks, including physical space, hours, and social aspects.

Intrinsic Rewards

The internal satisfaction and joy derived from performing an activity or achieving a goal, rather than from any external benefits or rewards.