Which One of the Following Alternatives Best Describes the Differences

question 28

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following alternatives best describes the differences between people with a mastery orientation and those with learned helplessness?

• A) People with a mastery orientation expect that they will have to work extremely hard to master new tasks. People with learned helplessness usually overestimate their abilities.
• B) People with a mastery orientation set easily attainable goals and become frustrated when they don't attain those goals effortlessly. People with learned helplessness set goals that are almost impossible to attain.
• C) People with a mastery orientation attribute their successes to external, uncontrollable factors. People with an attitude of learned helplessness attribute failures to internal, controllable factors.
• D) People with a mastery orientation set high goals and seek challenges. People with learned helplessness underestimate their ability and set low goals.

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Definitions:

Dependent Variable

In experimental and statistical research, the variable being tested and measured, which is expected to change as a result of manipulations to the independent variable.

Independent Variable

In experimental research, the variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effects on the dependent variable.

Latent Factor

An underlying variable that is not directly observed but influences patterns of correlation between observed variables.

Control Factor

An element or variable that is manipulated or held constant in a study or experiment to determine its effect on the outcome.