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Fred owns a tractor business that has been in his family for fifty years,and it is the only tractor business in his small rural town.Others have tried to compete with him,but despite the fact that Fred did nothing out of the ordinary,the others failed and went out of business.Nevertheless,Fred's business is an illegal monopoly in violation of the Sherman Act.
Direct Materials
Raw materials that are directly incorporated into a finished product and are easily traceable to it.
Labour Rate Variance
The difference between the actual labor costs incurred and the standard labor costs for the actual production level.
Actual Rate
The actual cost incurred or the price paid for materials, labor, or overhead as opposed to budgeted or standard costs.
Standard Rate
A predetermined cost that is often used in budgeting and costing exercises to estimate the expected rate for services or products.
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